Journal Summary
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A serological study of canine herpes virus-1 infection in the English dog population
Journal: Arch Virol
Author: Reading, M. J.; Field, H. J.
Volume: 143 Issue: 8 Pages: 1477-88. Year: 1998
Abstract: An epidemiological survey investigated the prevalence of canine herpes virus-1 antibodies in a population of 325 pet dogs in England. Sera were analysed for the presence of canine herpes virus-1 neutralising antibody by means of a serum neutralisation test and for virus-specific IgG and IgM by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In contrast with published results from other parts of the world, canine herpes virus-1 infection was shown to be common among the domestic dog population of England.
Notes: On computer under canine herpes.
The majority of dogs were seropositive (88% positive IgG titers, 78% positive IgM titers). No age association. Previous studies may have underestimated prevalence because they did not use complement, did not specifically seperately measure IgG AND IgM. . Estimates previously 6% (Washington), 12.8% (Albuquerque), 26% (Japan). Dogs were seen at VMTH, mostly pretty sick - high prevalence may have reflected reactivation with stress of illness.
URL: available online
Author Address: Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Veterinary Science, Cambridge University, U.K.
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Evaluation of fenbendazole for treatment of Giardia infection in cats concurrently infected with Cryptosporidium parvum
Journal: Am J Vet Res
Author: Keith, C. L.; Radecki, S. V.; Lappin, M. R.
Volume: 64 Issue: 8 Pages: 1027-9. Date: Aug Year: 2003
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether fenbendazole effectively eliminates Giardia organisms from chronically infected cats that have a concurrent Cryptosporidium parvum infection. ANIMALS: 16 clinically normal cats. PROCEDURE: Eight cats with chronic concurrent Giardia and C parvum infections received fenbendazole (50 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) for 5 days (treatment-group cats). Feces from each cat were collected and processed 3 days weekly for 23 days after treatment. By use of an immunofluorescent assay for detection of Giardia lamblia cysts and C parvum oocysts, organism numbers were counted and scored. Fecal results from treatment-group cats were compared with those of 8 untreated cats with Giardia infection but no C parvum infection (control-group cats). RESULTS: Four of 8 treatment-group cats had consistently negative results for Giardia infection after treatment. These 4 cats had consistently positive results for C parvum oocysts prior to treatment and consistently negative results after treatment. One treatment-group cat had positive results for cysts on all fecal samples, and 3 treatment-group cats had 1 to 3 negative results and then resumed shedding large numbers of cysts; each of these cats had consistently positive results for C parvum oocysts. When compared with control-group cats, treatment-group cats shed less Giardia cysts during week 1 after treatment but not during week 2. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Administration of fenbendazole decreases Giardia cyst shedding to less than detectable numbers in some cats. In our study, persistent C parvum infection may have been associated with failure of fenbendazole to eliminate Giardia infection.
Notes: 0002-9645 (Print)
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Inability of two topical treatments to influence the course of experimentally induced dermatophytosis in cats
Journal: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
Author: DeBoer, D. J.; Moriello, K. A.
Volume: 207 Issue: 1 Pages: 52-7 Year: 1995
Alternate Journal: J Am Vet Med Assoc
Abstract: An experimental model of dermatophytosis was used to compare the efficacy of 2 topical antifungal treatments against Microsporum canis infection in cats. Infection was established in 24 cats by topical application of 10(5) M canis macroconidia to the skin of the lateral part of the abdomen under an occlusive bandage. Three groups of 6 cats each then were treated twice weekly for 18 weeks with chlorhexidine shampoo and dip, detergent shampoo vehicle only, or glyceryl monolaurate shampoo. Six cats were left untreated as controls. The experimentally induced infections strongly resembled naturally developing infections of moderate to severe nature. Signs of infection peaked in severity at 5 weeks after inoculation, then gradually resolved over 7 to 16 additional weeks. Dermatophytes were consistently isolated on culture for at least 8 weeks of treatment. Mycologic cure (defined as lack of dermatophyte isolation on 3 successive weekly cultures) was attained in 8 cats at the end of 18 weeks of treatment. Infections appeared to resolve at equivalent rates in all groups of cats, including controls. Consistent or meaningful significant differences in variables such as lesion size, clinical sign score, or total infection score were not found between treated and control groups. Our study revealed that this topical treatment regimen with chlorhexidine or glyceryl monolaurate is ineffective against M canis infection in cats.
Notes: Jul 1
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Returning a recently adopted companion animal: adopters' reasons for and reactions to the failed adoption experience
Journal: J Appl Anim Welf Sci
Author: Shore, E. R.
Volume: 8 Issue: 3 Pages: 187-98. Year: 2005
Abstract: The return of a recently adopted companion animal places the nonhuman animal in jeopardy and may be painful and frustrating to the humans involved. However, if returners learn from the failed adoption experience, future adoptions may be more satisfactory for all concerned. In this study, 78 people who had adopted and returned dogs or cats to an animal shelter in a U.S. Midwestern city were interviewed regarding their reasons for return, reactions to the experience, and plans for future adoptions. Although some returners adjusted their pet ownership plans in potentially beneficial ways, most reacted by counseling greater forethought and planning before adopting. The last, although sound advice, had little to do with reasons for return, which primarily were problems that arose postadoption: pet behavior such as not getting along with other pets or children. Changing expectations about the development of new pet-family relationships and the provision of postadoption services might help adopters tolerate the adjustment period and handle problems without resorting to returning the animal.
Notes: 1088-8705 (Print)
Journal Article
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Use of adult dog serum as a substitute for colostrum in the neonatal dog
Journal: Am J Vet Res
Author: Poffenbarger, E. M.; Olson, P. N.; Chandler, M. L.; Seim, H. B.; Varman, M.
Volume: 52 Issue: 8 Pages: 1221-4. Year: 1991
Abstract: Failure to obtain passive transfer of immunity via colostrum can be detrimental to the health and survival of a young pup. It has been stated that pups that do not receive colostrum in the first 2 days after birth, be given adult dog serum as a source of protective immunoglobulins. Twenty-five Beagle pups were obtained by cesarean section from 6 Beagle bitches. The pups were allotted to 3 groups at birth. Group 1 was a control group and was allowed to suckle colostrum. Group-2 pups received 22 ml of pooled adult dog serum/kg of body weight (10 ml/lb) SC at birth. Group-3 pups were given 22 ml of pooled adult dog serum/kg by stomach tube at birth. Pups from groups 2 and 3 were separated from the bitch for 48 hours to prevent colostral antibody absorption and were fed a commercially available milk replacer by stomach tube. After 48 hours, all pups were returned to the bitch until they were weaned at 6 weeks of age. Blood samples were collected from all of the pups at birth and on days 1, 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. The concentration of IgA, IgG, and IgM in serum was determined by radial immunodiffusion and compared by use of a one-way analysis of variance. The control pups had significantly higher serum concentrations of IgA and IgG, than the pups in groups 2 and 3 on days 1 and 2 and 2 and 7, respectively. Group-2 pups had significantly higher serum IgM concentrations on day 1 than either group 1- or group-3 pups.
Notes: In vaccine file.
Did not find evidence that it was helpful to give adult dog serum as a colustrum replacement. Might have been to low a dose (10 mls/lb). Oral route did not work at all. SC only worked for IgM. But IgG is the main one present in colustrum, so it's probably the one they need. Maybe it would work IV, they did not try it.
Unlike in cats, colustrum antibodies correlated with serum antibodies in mom. Discusses litter size.
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What We Need to Learn From Epidemiologic Surveys Pertaining to Pet Overpopulation
Journal: Journal of the AmericanVeterinary Medicine Association
Author: Rowan, A.
Volume: 198 Issue: 198 Pages: 1233-1236 Year: 1991
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Immunohistochemical localization of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus VP-60 antigen in early infection of young and adult rabbits
Journal: Research in Veterinary Science
Author: Prieto, JM; Fernandez, F; Alvarez, V; Espi, A; Garcia-Marin, JF; Alvarez, M; Martin, JM; Parra, F
Volume: 68 Pages: 181-187 Year: 2000
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"Spay or pay"--is mandatory sterilization the answer to pet overpopulation problem? [news] [see comments]
Journal: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
Author: Kahler, S.
Volume: 202 Issue: 6 Pages: 842-5 Year: 1993
Alternate Journal: J Am Vet Med Assoc
Notes: Mar 15
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'Battered pets': features that raise suspicion of non-accidental injury
Journal: Journal of Small Animal Practice
Author: Munro, H.M.; Thrusfield, M.
Volume: 42 Pages: 218-226 Year: 2001
Abstract: A study of veterinarians' perceptions, and experience, of non-accidental injury (NAI) to pets was undertaken using an anonymous questionnaire distributed to a random sample of 1000 small animal practitioners in the UK. NAI was acknowledged by 91.3 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval, 88.2 to 93.9 per cent) of the 404 respondents who returned questionnaires, of whom 48.3 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval, 43.4 to 53.1 per cent) had either suspected or seen NAI. Four hundred and forty-eight cases were documented, predominantly in dogs (243) and cats (182). Factors either raising suspicion, or facilitating recognition, of NAI included: implication of a particular person, features of the history, referral agency involvement, behaviour of the owner and/or the animal, nature of the injuries, and socioeconomic class of owners. Additionally, sexual abuse and suspected cases of Munchausen syndrome by proxy were recorded.
Notes: Library.
Good description of a questionnaire study.
Bunch of good examples of inconsistent injuries, histories. 25 owners admitted abusing the pet they brought in.
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'Battered pets'
Journal: Vet Rec
Author: Munro, H. M.
Volume: 138 Issue: 23 Pages: 576. Date: Jun 8 Year: 1996
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A canine distemper outbreak in Alaska: diagnosis and strain characterization using sequence analysis
Journal: J Vet Diagn Invest
Author: Maes, R. K.; Wise, A. G.; Fitzgerald, S. D.; Ramudo, A.; Kline, J.; Vilnis, A.; Benson, C.
Volume: 15 Issue: 3 Pages: 213-20. Date: May Year: 2003
Abstract: Vaccination with modified-live vaccines has been very effective in reducing the incidence of canine distemper, a disease that can be devastating in unvaccinated populations. A diagnostic submission to the Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory at Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, involved a case in which several hundred dogs in an Alaskan town died in a suspected canine distemper outbreak. Cytoplasmic and intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies, consistent with canine distemper virus (CDV) infection, were found in urinary bladder, spleen, lung, and salivary gland. Direct fluorescent antibody test gave results that could be considered positive for canine distemper. Because of the condition of the tissues received, the histopathology and fluorescent antibody-staining results were suggestive but not conclusive of CDV. In this study, immunohistochemistry, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and DNA sequencing were used to confirm the presence of canine distemper virus in these tissues and to perform molecular characterization of the virus. Immunohistochemistry showed the presence of the virus in spleen, lung, and salivary gland. Viral RNA was detected by RT-PCR in brain, spleen, liver, lung, and kidney, both with nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein (P)-gene-specific primers. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of a 540-bp P-gene fragment of the Alaskan strain with corresponding sequences of 2 vaccine and 7 wild-type CDV strains showed that the virus responsible for the outbreak was closely related to a virulent strain of distemper virus from Siberia.
Author Address: Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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A case for neutering pups and kittens at two months of age [published erratum appears in J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987 Nov 1;191(9):1118]
Journal: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
Author: Lieberman, L. L.
Volume: 191 Issue: 5 Pages: 518-21 Year: 1987
Alternate Journal: J Am Vet Med Assoc
Notes: Sep 1
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A clinical study of malnutrition in Japanese prisoners of war
Journal: Ann Intern Med
Author: Schnitker, M. A.; Mattman, P. E.; Bliss, T. L.
Volume: 35 Issue: 1 Pages: 69-96. Date: Jul Year: 1951
Original Publication: *Nutrition and dietetics
Notes: 0003-4819
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A clinical trial of intranasal and subcutaneous vaccines to prevent upper respiratory infection in cats at an animal shelter
Journal: Feline Practice
Author: Edinboro, C.H.; Janowitz, L.K.; Guptill-Yoran, L.; Glickman, L. T.
Volume: 27 Issue: 6 Pages: 7-13 Date: November/December Year: 1999
Notes: Comparison of SC alone with SC plus IN. Overall R.R. was .44 for IN cats compared to SC only (confidence interval included up to RR 1.08 however). Median length of time from vaccination to onset of clinical signs was 9-11 days. 18-fold increased risk for cats that had never been vaccinated compared to current or overdue cats (could not tell if age confounding was accounted for, only 2 cats known to be unvaccinated) Observers not blinded as to vaccine status. No comparison with unvaccinated. Cost benefit analysis may be incorrect (preventable fraction not calculated according to usual formula).
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A comparative study of a new rapid and one-step test for the detection of parvovirus in faeces from dogs, cats and mink
Journal: J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health
Author: Esfandiari, J.; Klingeborn, B.
Volume: 47 Issue: 2 Pages: 145-53 Date: Mar Year: 2000
Abstract: A one-step immunochromatographic test, based on the use of monoclonal antibodies, was developed for the detection of canine parvovirus (CPV) in dog faeces. In addition to canine parvovirus the test can also be used for the diagnosis of infections with viruses causing parvovirus enteritis in cats (feline panleukopenia virus) and mink (mink enteritis virus). Four hundred and forty-three faecal samples were evaluated by comparative testing between this one-step test and three different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in Sweden, Denmark and The Netherlands. The result of the evaluation showed an overall relative sensitivity and specificity of 95.8 and 99.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the comparative testing of 83 dog samples in Germany between the one-step test and an immune electron microscopy (IEM) agreed to 85.5%. The sensitivity and specificity were 83.9 and 88.9%, respectively. These results show that the one-step test is a rapid, simple, reproducible and sensitive diagnostic test for the detection of parvovirus in faecal samples of dogs, cats and mink.
Notes: Journal Article
Author Address: Sinovus Biotech AB, Lund, Sweden.
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A descriptive study of 189 cats engaging in inappropriate elimination behaviors
Journal: Feline Practice
Author: Halip, J.W.; Vaillancourt, J.P.; Luescher, U.A.
Volume: 26 Issue: 4 Pages: 18-21 Date: July/August Year: 1998
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A disease monitoring system for dairy herds
Journal: Veterinary Record
Author: Ekesbo, I; Oltenacu, B; Vilson, B; Nilsson, J
Issue: 134 Pages: 270-273 Date: March 12 Year: 1994
Abstract: A system for recording andavaluating disease, inteded for both dairy herd health monitoring and research purposed is described. The system was initiated in 1960 with the objective of providing a research database and it has been developed to respond th the herd health management needs of modern farmers and veterinarians. The system is probably one of the oldest disease recording systems in exictence and has conritbuted to the expansion of epidemiological knowledge of dairy cattle diseaes and has helped to improve thehealth management of dairy herds. The history of the system, the herd reporting form and various analyses and reports generated with the system are presented.
Notes: Paper based on farm, farmer sends form monthly to central computer system after review by field vet, entered, processed, reports sent to farmer and vet.
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A field trial to assess the effect of vaccination against feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus and feline panleucopenia virus in 6- week-old kittens
Journal: J Feline Med Surg
Author: Dawson, S.; Willoughby, K.; Gaskell, R. M.; Wood, G.; Chalmers, W. S.
Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Pages: 17-22. Year: 2001
Abstract: A trivalent (feline panleucopenia, feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus), modified live, commercially available cat vaccine was used at either 6, 9 and 12 weeks of age (early schedule) or 9 and 12 weeks of age (conventional schedule), and the serological response to vaccination was assessed. The level of maternally derived antibody present at 6 weeks of age was also established. The use of early vaccination at 6 weeks of age induced an antibody response to each virus by 9 weeks of age in a significant proportion of kittens compared with unvaccinated littermates. There was no difference between the conventionally and early-vaccinated groups in terms of antibody response to any antigen by 12 and 15 weeks of age.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?db=m&form=6&dopt=r&uid=11716626
Author Address: Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Animal Husbandry, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.
Reference Type: Journal Article
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A formaldehyde-gluteraldehyde fixative of high osmolarity for use in electron microscopy.
Journal: J Cell Biol
Author: Karnovsky, MJ
Volume: 27 Issue: 137A Year: 1965
Notes: ref for path paper
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A low viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy
Journal: J Ultrastructural Res
Author: Spurr, AR
Volume: 26 Pages: 31-43 Year: 1969
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